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    6 Things You Should Ask Yourself Before Adopting a Pet

    Maybe your kids have been begging for a dog or you’d like to snuggle with a cat. Either way, you’ve decided to find yourself a furry companion.

    Congratulations! Beyond the joy that connecting with a pet brings, adopting your new friend helps reduce the number of animals held in shelters. That’s definitely a win-win!

    But this isn’t a decision to be made lightly. “When adopting, you are making a commitment to care for an animal for the rest of his life—that could mean 10 to 15 years for dogs and up to 20 years for cats,” says theASPCA.

    So before you start stocking up on pet supplies, ask yourself the following questions.

    Will my lifestyle allow me to adopt a pet?

    Adopting a pet is a significant commitment, and it’s essential to assess whether your lifestyle aligns with the needs of a furry companion. Before you bring an animal into your home, consider the following factors:

    1. Time Away from Home:If you travel frequently or spend long hours away from home, adopting a pet might not be the best choice at the moment. Animals, especially dogs, need regular walks, exercise and companionship. Cats, often seen as independent, still crave attention and can become lonely. You’ll need to ensure that someone can care for your pet in your absence.

    2. Temporary Living Arrangements:If you’re in a temporary living situation, such as a college dorm or a short-term lease, you should carefully evaluate whether you can provide a stable home for a pet. Some rentals may not allow pets, or they may require additional deposits. Always check with your landlord before adopting.

    3. Household Consensus:Adopting a pet should be a group decision if you live with others. Make sure everyone in the household is on board, particularly if anyone suffers from allergies. It’s important to agree on responsibilities like feeding, walking and cleaning up after the pet to avoid conflicts later.

    4. Long-Term Commitment:Pets, especially puppies and kittens, require a long-term commitment. As Jean Enright, a Long Island feline rescuer, points out, “A kitten turns into a cat.” This means you should think carefully before giving a pet as a gift, as it’s not a decision to be taken lightly.

    5. Existing Pets and Compatibility:If you already have pets, consider how a new animal will fit into the dynamic. Some animals may bond immediately, while others may require a slow, gradual introduction. Be prepared for the possibility that it could take weeks for them to adjust to each other.

    Should I Get a Dog or a Cat?

    Choosing between a dog or a cat is a big decision, and understanding the differences between these two types of pets can help you make an informed choice. Below are the key factors to consider when deciding which pet is right for your lifestyle:

    1. Time, Attention and Care Needs:Dogs typically require more time, attention and financial investment than cats. As pack animals, dogs thrive on social interaction and need regular exercise, playtime and companionship. On the other hand, cats are more independent, often requiring less attention and being easier to care for. Cats are generally more self-sufficient, making them an ideal choice for individuals with busier lifestyles. (These are just tendencies, however. Each animal is unique, and you will have to assess his or her personality during the pre-adoption meet-and-greetmore on that later.)

    2. Grooming and Coat Care:Another consideration is grooming needs. Long-haired dogs and cats require regular grooming to prevent matting and hairballs, while short-haired animals generally need less maintenance. If you’re considering a hairless cat, keep in mind that they require regular bathing and ear cleaning to stay healthy and comfortable.

    3. Local Laws and Breed Restrictions:Certain dog breeds, such as pitbull-type dogs, may be restricted in some communities due to misconceptions about their temperament. It’s important to check local laws before adopting to ensure the breed you're considering is allowed in your area. The ASPCA emphasizes that breeds like pitbulls can make loyal, affectionate pets when properly trained and socialized.

    4. Size and Energy Level of the Pet:When choosing between a dog or a cat, consider the pet’s size and energy level. Large or high-energy dogs may not thrive in smaller spaces or with owners who don’t have time for vigorous exercise. If you live a more relaxed lifestyle, a dog that requires extensive physical activity may not be the best fit. Conversely, most cats are content with minimal space and low-intensity activity.

    5. Children and Family Considerations:If you have young children, a medium-sized dog over five months of age might be a better fit than a puppy, which requires a lot of time and training. The ASPCA recommends considering an older dog if there are children in the household to ensure that the dog is well-adjusted and can interact safely with kids.

    6. Long-Term Planning:No matter which pet you choose, it’s essential to plan for the future. Having a backup plan for the care of your pet ensures their well-being if something happens to you.

    How much will adopting a pet cost?

    Adopting a pet can be a rewarding experience, but it's important to understand the costs involved. Adoption fees vary depending on the pet’s species, breed and age, and typically range from a few dozen to several hundred dollars. Here’s a breakdown of the costs associated with adopting a pet and the ongoing expenses to expect.

    1. Adoption Fees:Most animal adoption agencies, including public shelters and private rescue groups, charge an adoption fee to cover their operational costs, including veterinary care. Dogs generally cost more to adopt than cats, but fees can vary depending on factors like the pet's breed and age. The fee helps cover vaccinations, spaying or neutering and other medical expenses. Some agencies may offer fee discounts or promotions, so it's worth asking if there are any available savings.

    2. Spaying/Neutering Costs:Adopting a pet often includes the cost of spaying or neutering, which helps reduce undesirable behaviors like spraying, fighting and excessive yowling, while also preventing the birth of unwanted animals. Be sure to confirm with the adoption agency whether the adoption fee includes these procedures. If not, you may need to budget for them separately.

    3. Microchipping and Identification:Proper identification is essential for any pet. Many adoption agencies will ensure your new pet is microchipped, which involves inserting a small digital tag under the skin that can help reunite you with your pet if they get lost. Alternatively, some agencies may provide a collar and tags. Both options offer peace of mind, but they may come at an additional cost.

    4. Ongoing Costs for Pet Care:Once you've adopted your pet, you’ll need to budget for their ongoing care. Key expenses include:

    • Veterinary Bills: Regular check-ups, vaccinations and emergency medical expenses.

    • Food: Pet food costs will depend on your pet's size, breed and dietary needs.

    • Litter (for Cats): Cats require litter, which adds to the overall cost of ownership.

    • Grooming: Dogs, especially long-haired breeds, require regular grooming. Cats may also need occasional grooming, depending on their coat.

    • Miscellaneous Supplies: These include beds, leashes, toys, grooming tools and cleaning supplies.

    5. Puppy Training Costs:If you adopt a puppy, you may also want to invest in basic obedience training. Training costs vary, so it’s advisable to shop around for affordable options. While training can be an additional expense, it’s far less costly—and less stressful—than trying to correct behavioral problems that may arise later.

    What is the pet adoption process like?

    The pet adoption process can vary between agencies, but there are general steps that most shelters and rescue groups follow to ensure that pets are placed in the right homes. Understanding the adoption process helps you navigate it smoothly and make an informed decision about bringing a new pet into your life. Here’s an overview of what to expect:

    1. Filling Out an Application:The first step in the pet adoption process is typically to complete an application form. This form usually asks for information about your living situation, such as whether you own your home or rent, how many people live in your household and whether you already have other pets. For cat adoptions, shelters may ask whether the cat will be kept indoors only, as urban and suburban cats are generally safer when kept inside.

    2. Interview and Home Visit:Once your application is submitted, many shelters conduct an interview or home visit (either virtually or in person) to assess your suitability as a pet owner. This step allows the adoption agency to get to know you better and ensure that your home is a safe and comfortable environment for the pet. During this visit, they may also discuss any specific needs or requirements for the animal you are interested in.

    3. Meeting Your Potential Pet:After the application and interview process, you’ll be invited to meet your potential future pet. This is an important step where you can assess the animal's personality and compatibility with your family and other pets. Ask the shelter representative or foster caregiver about the pet’s habits, temperament and how they interact with adults, children or other animals.

    Fordogs, signs of a friendly dog include:

    • Approaching you without charging or cowering.

    • A light, excited bark (rather than a deep, aggressive bark).

    • A wagging tail held low (indicating friendliness rather than dominance).

    • A relaxed, open mouth (not showing teeth).

    Forcats, the process can be a bit different. As Jean Enright notes, cats in adoption settings can often be overwhelmed by noise and activity. If you’re looking for a cuddly lap cat or a playful companion, observe the cat’s behavior closely. Look for signs of a healthy cat, such as bright eyes, a shiny coat and fresh breath (indicating no dental issues).

    4. Using Online Adoption Platforms:If you're not able to visit a shelter in person, websites likePetfinder.com can help you find adoptable animals in your area. These platforms offer searchable databases of animals in need of homes, posted by rescue groups across North America. While these sites provide valuable information, they do not manage the adoption process themselves, so you will still need to contact the individual shelters or rescue organizations to complete the adoption process.

    5. Finalizing the Adoption:Once you've selected a pet and everything is in order, you'll typically sign an adoption contract that outlines your responsibilities as a pet owner. This may include agreement to provide proper care, food and veterinary treatment, and to keep the pet safe in your home.

    How should I prepare my home for a pet?

    Preparing your home for a new pet is a crucial step in ensuring a smooth transition and a safe environment for your furry friend. Whether you're adopting a puppy, kitten, dog or cat, here are key tips to help you pet-proof your home and get everything ready for your new companion.

    1. Pet-Proofing Your Home

    The first step in preparing your home for a new pet is ensuring it’s safe. This is especially important if you're adopting a puppy or kitten, as they are more curious and likely to get into trouble.

    • Safeguard Hazardous Supplies: Secure cabinets and closets containing cleaning products, chemicals or any items that may be toxic to pets.

    • Block Off Small Spaces: Puppies and kittens can easily get into tiny spaces, so make sure to block off areas where they could become trapped.

    • Seal Garbage Cans: Use secure lids on trash bins to prevent pets from rummaging through potentially harmful food scraps or waste.

    • Remove Toxic Plants: Avoid houseplants that could be toxic to pets.Look up common plants toxic to dogs or cats before bringing new greenery into your home.

    • Secure Exposed Wires: Hide or cover electrical cords and small items like paper clips and rubber bands that could be chewed or swallowed. Avoid leaving string, yarn or ribbon out unless you're supervising playtime.

    • Safe Window Treatments: Choose window coverings that don’t have long cords, which could pose a strangulation risk.

    2. Find a Veterinarian

    Before finalizing the adoption, locate a reputable veterinarian. It's important to have a vet lined up in case your pet falls ill or needs a check-up after adoption. Establishing a relationship with a trusted vet from the start will ensure your pet receives proper medical care.

    3. Prepare for Your Dog’s Needs

    If you’re adopting a dog, here are some additional considerations to prepare your home:

    • Escape-Proof Your Yard: Check your fence for any gaps or weak spots where your dog might be able to escape. Consider reinforcing areas where they may dig under.

    • Protect Rugs and Furniture: Store valuable rugs or furniture until your dog is fully house-trained. Puppies especially need extra attention during potty training, so plan your schedule accordingly.

    • Use Gates and Crates: When you’re not home, use gates or crates to confine your dog to a safe area until they consistently demonstrate good house manners.

    • Agree on Command Vocabulary: Ensure everyone in the household uses the same words for commands. For example, if you use “down” to get your dog off the couch, choose a different command if you want them to lie down.

    • Buy a Strong Leash and Harness: Invest in a durable leash, and for smaller or short-faced dogs, consider a harness to avoid airway restriction.

    4. Prepare for Your Cat’s Needs

    If you’re adopting a cat, these preparations will help create a pet-friendly environment:

    • Install Secure Window Screens: High-quality metal screens are a must to prevent your cat from accidentally falling out of open windows. If you can, set up a secure outdoor cat enclosure (catio) for supervised outdoor time.

    • Prevent Scratching: Use double-sided tape or upside-down carpet runners on furniture to discourage scratching. You can also provide scratching posts or a cat tree.

    • Provide Hiding Spots: Cats feel secure when they have places to hide. Offer covered beds or boxes where your cat can retreat to feel safe.

    • Litterbox Essentials: Invest in a sturdy, spacious litterbox that’s large enough for your cat to comfortably turn around in. While you may prefer an enclosed litterbox, some cats may not like this option, so consider their preferences.

    5. Buy Pet Essentials

    Both dogs and cats need comfort and care. Invest in the following essentials before bringing your pet home:

    • Beds and Blankets: Pets appreciate having a comfortable bed to rest in. Choose a bed that suits your pet’s size and needs.

    • Toys: Both dogs and cats benefit from having toys to play with, which provide mental stimulation and help prevent boredom.

    • Food and Water Dishes: Use sturdy, easy-to-clean food and water dishes. Avoid plastic bowls, as they can scratch and become difficult to clean over time.

    How do I help a new pet settle in?

    Your new friend will likely need some time to become a fully established member of the family. You can make that easier by:

    • Not forcing interactions at first (which includes not letting kids mob the pet all at once) and speaking in calm, quiet tones; confine your companion to a specific room or section. of your home until he or she shows signs of adapting to the household.

    • Placing food and water dishes (and litterboxes) in the same place all the time, once your pet has the run of the house; don’t keep moving them.

    • Feeding your pet what he or she had been eating for at least several days to avoid stomach upset; if you want to switch foods, do so over the course of a week.

    • Spending time gently handling your pet; cats may or may not want to be picked up.

    • Spending play time with your pet on a regular basis at a predictable time of the day; you’ll not only bond better, but you’ll have fun doing so.

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    **These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.

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